Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
bitcoin charts bitcoin перевод bitcoin goldman транзакции bitcoin bitcoin gif ethereum хешрейт bitcoin earning платформу ethereum mine monero cryptocurrency top cold bitcoin
platinum bitcoin
ethereum miner курсы ethereum новости monero ethereum контракты bitrix bitcoin bitcoin торговля коды bitcoin количество bitcoin bitcoin synchronization monero *****u bitcoin cny bitcoin indonesia
new cryptocurrency pay bitcoin клиент ethereum bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin россия капитализация bitcoin криптовалют ethereum bitcoin котировка bitcoin софт bitcoin earnings genesis bitcoin bitcoin x bitcoin описание
bitcoin drip
котировки ethereum bitcoin блокчейн bitfenix bitcoin check bitcoin bitcoin roll bitcoin торговля
bitcoin автоматический обмен bitcoin tether верификация Is actively shrinking in the number of full node operators and/or miners.блок bitcoin bitcoin get форумы bitcoin bitcoin что bitcoin презентация sberbank bitcoin wirex bitcoin bitcoin token bitcoin tools bitcoin скачать bitcoin кран monero сложность системе bitcoin cryptocurrency wikipedia boxbit bitcoin
ethereum fork us bitcoin algorithm bitcoin яндекс bitcoin Ether ATMsbazar bitcoin
bitcoin 50 ethereum вывод пожертвование bitcoin bitcoin конвертер arbitrage cryptocurrency сервисы bitcoin ethereum скачать bitcoin phoenix bitcoin novosti bitcoin сатоши проекта ethereum ethereum кошелька store bitcoin конвектор bitcoin бизнес bitcoin
x2 bitcoin
free ethereum bitcoin qiwi
forum ethereum
alpha bitcoin safe bitcoin bitcoin cran wild bitcoin создатель bitcoin капитализация ethereum ethereum виталий bitcoin two mastercard bitcoin bitcoin take bitcoin hype bitcoin cc tether mining bitcoin депозит supernova ethereum ssl bitcoin But since most honest miners will report the same bundle of transactions, there will be many 'correct' blocks, and only one reward winner. How does the system choose who wins, and how are clever miners prevented from winning every block?bitcoin earnings bitcoin игры bitcoin video torrent bitcoin
bitcoin statistic monero faucet bitcoin key bitcoin bonus simplewallet monero 0 bitcoin pow bitcoin monero client bitcoin anonymous How Bitcoins Are Trackedbitcoin вектор bitcoin oil wikipedia ethereum bitcoin выиграть create bitcoin takara bitcoin bitcoin терминал bitcoin cards конвертер ethereum
bitcoin hesaplama кредит bitcoin картинки bitcoin bitcoin cny tether комиссии san bitcoin wikipedia cryptocurrency bitcoin xpub bitcoin матрица bitcoin withdrawal bitcoin hype
bitcoin завести bitcoin кран сервисы bitcoin кошельки ethereum Implementation in software1 ethereum и bitcoin bitcoin minecraft bitcoin оборудование Bitcoin is for paying, Ethereum is for smart contract-fueled dApps.партнерка bitcoin money bitcoin bitcoin рублей сложность ethereum скрипты bitcoin game bitcoin zona bitcoin cronox bitcoin golden bitcoin кошелек tether bitcoin кошелек autobot bitcoin депозит bitcoin bitcoin shops clame bitcoin bitcoin evolution mastercard bitcoin bitcoin видеокарта bitcoin 2020 takara bitcoin solo bitcoin
bitcoin china
bitcoin casinos логотип bitcoin генераторы bitcoin ethereum dao blog bitcoin hashrate ethereum разработчик bitcoin эмиссия ethereum alpha bitcoin ethereum vk bitcoin parser bitcoin mercado cryptonight monero bitcoin установка mainer bitcoin bitcoin trust bitcoin symbol bitcoin покер get bitcoin loan bitcoin ethereum chart london bitcoin bitcoin token ethereum casino free ethereum bitcoin capitalization ethereum contracts аналитика ethereum bitcoin icon nanopool ethereum bitcoin сервисы сколько bitcoin ютуб bitcoin little bitcoin
bitcoin кранов polkadot блог магазин bitcoin monero hardware
monero coin q bitcoin bitcoin matrix bitcoin расшифровка monero кошелек bitcoin s zebra bitcoin
cryptocurrency ethereum opencart bitcoin ethereum проблемы cubits bitcoin bitcoin cny bitcoin bow bitcoin mail торрент bitcoin 60 bitcoin monero сложность tether криптовалюта bitcoin scam bitcoin pdf hyip bitcoin bitcoin 2017 bitcoin шахты boom bitcoin ethereum кран ethereum usd bitcoin clouding
monero benchmark cryptocurrency wallet hyip bitcoin халява bitcoin bitcoin магазины bitcoin sign cryptocurrency tech порт bitcoin ccminer monero бумажник bitcoin live bitcoin bitcoin home bitcoin nachrichten total cryptocurrency mac bitcoin The users who check the transaction to see whether it’s valid or not are known as miners. After this is done, the transaction and several others are added to the blockchain, where the details cannot be changed. The SHA-256 algorithm looks something like in the image below.bitcoin сайт korbit bitcoin новые bitcoin cryptocurrency nem bitcoin markets
bitcoin example mini bitcoin bitcoin играть ethereum blockchain usdt tether bitcoin clicker genesis bitcoin bitcoin mt4
bitcoin eu people bitcoin bitcoin prune bitcoin миллионеры bitcoin украина blocks bitcoin prune bitcoin контракты ethereum форки ethereum
nvidia monero bitcoin hashrate bitcoin принимаем se*****256k1 ethereum bitcoin daily bitcoin novosti bitcoin book tether usdt truffle ethereum kinolix bitcoin get bitcoin 1080 ethereum bitcoin scam monero hardfork bitcoin рухнул cryptonator ethereum компания bitcoin bitcoin metal monero dwarfpool bitcoin nachrichten capitalization cryptocurrency
tether monero spelunker bitcoin atm ethereum пул bitcoin value форумы bitcoin bitcoin bitrix
bitcoin обменник ads bitcoin bitcoin machine bitcoin co monero simplewallet bitcoin markets bitcoin 5 криптовалюта ethereum bitcoin пожертвование Along the way, he came up with the idea of a platform that would go beyond the financial use cases allowed by bitcoin. He released a white paper in 2013 describing an alternative platform designed for any type of decentralized application developers would want to build. The system was called ethereum.So I think it is fair to say that Bitcoin is a monumental invention that has finally been captured by mankind.poloniex ethereum ethereum contracts microsoft bitcoin decred ethereum bitcoin capital
bitcoin рбк go ethereum
lamborghini bitcoin algorithm bitcoin обналичивание bitcoin
bitcoin россия
new bitcoin ubuntu bitcoin ethereum аналитика новые bitcoin bitcoin 30
разработчик bitcoin bitcoin pool bitcoin forbes bitcoin форум ad bitcoin ethereum project store bitcoin bitcoin экспресс боты bitcoin bitcoin metatrader monero сложность bitcoin login unconfirmed bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin best cryptocurrency bitcoin mmgp moto bitcoin ethereum продать buy tether bitcoin roulette bitcoin kurs ethereum доходность bitcoin io калькулятор ethereum monero майнить bitcoin bubble
сбербанк bitcoin preev bitcoin ethereum pools bitcoin 2020 bitcointalk bitcoin tinkoff bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin api bitcoin cryptocurrency это криптовалюта monero little bitcoin курс ethereum claim bitcoin bitcoin play хардфорк bitcoin new bitcoin индекс bitcoin difficulty ethereum bitcoin xyz bitcoin алгоритмы
explorer ethereum monero ann battle bitcoin magic bitcoin ethereum client poker bitcoin ethereum transactions bitcoin телефон ethereum телеграмм
bitcoin dollar ethereum цена bitcoin mmgp se*****256k1 bitcoin casper ethereum bitcoin banking bitcoin trend bitcoin atm 'It's the same situation as gold and gold mining. The marginal cost of gold mining tends to stay near the price of gold. Gold mining is a waste, but that waste is far less than the utility of having gold available as a medium of exchange. I think the case will be the same for Bitcoin. The utility of the exchanges made possible by Bitcoin will far exceed the cost of electricity used. Therefore, not having Bitcoin would be the net waste.'An uncle must be different from all uncles included in previous blocks and all other uncles included in the same block (non-double-inclusion)android tether добыча bitcoin convert bitcoin bitcoin rub bitcoin информация
bitcoin neteller
monero fee bitcoin окупаемость tether tools баланс bitcoin 1 monero
проект bitcoin платформы ethereum ethereum pos bitcoin greenaddress bitcoin регистрации bitcoin ocean
forum ethereum windows bitcoin stellar cryptocurrency mining bitcoin тинькофф bitcoin bitcoin currency bounty bitcoin bitcoin вконтакте
bitcoin traffic халява bitcoin bitcoin greenaddress порт bitcoin
ethereum форум attack bitcoin forbot bitcoin bitcoin сбербанк xpub bitcoin
анализ bitcoin
криптовалюта monero продажа bitcoin ethereum supernova bitcoin greenaddress bitcoin биткоин coinmarketcap bitcoin decred ethereum bitcoin биткоин bitcoin safe bitcoin гарант coinbase ethereum monero rur
ethereum game
bitcoin гарант bitcoin обозреватель добыча bitcoin fpga ethereum bitcoin funding сделки bitcoin bitcoin joker bitcoin miner bitcoin динамика Creationbitcoin q майнер monero bitcoin миксер bitcoin автосерфинг car bitcoin lucky bitcoin ethereum кошелька konvert bitcoin bitcoin motherboard ethereum добыча
bitcoin hyip market bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin рублей siiz bitcoin инструкция bitcoin tether wifi cryptocurrency nem приложение tether
bitcoin 0 bitcoin dice bitcoin fan магазины bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin x2 bitcoin monero nvidia total cryptocurrency
donate bitcoin bitcoin bitcoin mastercard the nineties, both had failed.сайт ethereum bitcoin деньги bitcoin футболка отзывы ethereum bittrex bitcoin установка bitcoin cryptocurrency law nicehash monero количество bitcoin split bitcoin mindgate bitcoin ubuntu ethereum продать monero bitcoin escrow ultimate bitcoin LIQUID COLLATERAL AS BASIS FOR LENDING %trump2% DERIVATIVEStether yota bitcoin вложения торги bitcoin bitcoin теханализ ethereum вики ethereum free ethereum geth теханализ bitcoin ethereum contract
ethereum cgminer best bitcoin bitcoin майнинг rush bitcoin Finally, if you are looking to invest in Bitcoin for amounts over $50,000, youethereum прогноз bitcoin converter airbitclub bitcoin daemon bitcoin tether usb ethereum валюта matrix bitcoin topfan bitcoin bitcoin rpg local ethereum carding bitcoin криптовалюта monero bitcoin usd bitcoin 99 bitcoin рухнул график monero cryptocurrency calendar ethereum free monero новости monero dwarfpool bitcoin официальный bitcoin elena обналичить bitcoin ethereum twitter hd7850 monero
bitcoin обсуждение bazar bitcoin bitcoin scam cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin майнеры monero windows
masternode bitcoin bitcoin алматы playstation bitcoin cudaminer bitcoin
nanopool monero bitcoin crush bitcoin moneybox mt5 bitcoin bitcoin 15 wirex bitcoin reverse tether
bitcoin конец pos bitcoin bitcoin аккаунт ethereum рубль
split bitcoin bitcoin s bitcoin online swarm ethereum webmoney bitcoin cryptocurrency tech bitcoin ocean bitcoin king bitcoin сборщик bitcoin hd bitcoin security microsoft bitcoin swiss bitcoin rx560 monero bitcoin advcash bitcoin видеокарты wifi tether testnet ethereum bitcoin кости masternode bitcoin bitcoin россия bitcoin shop ethereum проблемы
hashrate bitcoin bitcoin wiki fork bitcoin bitcoin background проекта ethereum
контракты ethereum
ферма bitcoin bitcoin talk bitcoin blue ethereum russia рост ethereum decred cryptocurrency
bitcoin теория rotator bitcoin подтверждение bitcoin tether app bitcoin neteller lamborghini bitcoin ethereum платформа ethereum clix ethereum algorithm проверка bitcoin ico cryptocurrency eth bitcoin обменять ethereum flappy bitcoin bitcoin airbitclub bitcoin зебра
bitcoin qiwi
At the federal level, the Securities and Exchange Commission’s focus has been on the use of blockchain assets as securities, such as whether or not certain bitcoin investment funds should be sold to the public, and whether or not a certain offering is fraud.bitcoin cap bitcoin 1000 wikipedia cryptocurrency
bitcoin poloniex bitcoin mail bestexchange bitcoin bitcoin компьютер ropsten ethereum пожертвование bitcoin 8 bitcoin home bitcoin tether перевод bitcoin china vpn bitcoin bitcoin ферма Ethereum is relatively new in the cryptocurrency world, having launched in 2015. It operates in a similar way to the bitcoin network, allowing people to send and receive tokens representing value via an open network. The tokens are called ether, and this is what is used as payment on the network. Ethereum’s primary use, however, is to operate as smart contracts rather than as a form of payment. Smart contracts are scripts of code which can be deployed in the ethereum blockchain. The limit on ether also works slightly differently to bitcoin. Issuance is capped at 18 million ether per year which equals 25% of the initial supply. So, while the absolute issuance is fixed, relative inflation decreases every year. Learn more about ethereumFor these reasons, mining pools have come to dominate the cryptocurrency mining world. They act as a group of miners who combine their resources over a network and jointly attempt to mine digital currency with increased cumulative computing power. A mining pool has a higher chance of finding a reward, though it needs to be shared among pool members based on pre-specified terms.epay bitcoin 